arduino:control_structures:if
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arduino:control_structures:if [2013/02/15 20:45] |
arduino:control_structures:if [2024/02/16 01:04] (current) |
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| + | ======if (conditional) and ==, !=, <, > (comparison operators) ====== | ||
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| + | **//if//**, which is used in conjunction with a comparison operator, tests whether a certain condition has been reached, such as an input being above a certain number. The format for an if test is: | ||
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| + | <code arduino>if (someVariable > 50) | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | // do something here | ||
| + | }</code> | ||
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| + | The program tests to see if someVariable is greater than 50. If it is, the program takes a particular action. Put another way, if the statement in parentheses is true, the statements inside the brackets are run. If not, the program skips over the code. | ||
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| + | The brackets may be omitted after an ''if'' statement. If this is done, the next line (defined by the semicolon) becomes the only conditional statement. | ||
| + | <code arduino> | ||
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| + | if (x > 120) digitalWrite(LEDpin, HIGH); | ||
| + | |||
| + | if (x > 120) | ||
| + | digitalWrite(LEDpin, HIGH); | ||
| + | |||
| + | if (x > 120){ digitalWrite(LEDpin, HIGH); } | ||
| + | |||
| + | if (x > 120){ | ||
| + | digitalWrite(LEDpin1, HIGH); | ||
| + | digitalWrite(LEDpin2, HIGH); | ||
| + | } // all are correct | ||
| + | </code> | ||
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| + | The statements being evaluated inside the parentheses require the use of one or more operators: | ||
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| + | ===== Comparison Operators: ===== | ||
| + | **x == y** (x is equal to y) | ||
| + | **x != y** (x is not equal to y) | ||
| + | **x < y** (x is less than y) | ||
| + | **x > y** (x is greater than y) | ||
| + | **x <= y** (x is less than or equal to y) | ||
| + | **x >= y** (x is greater than or equal to y) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Warning: ==== | ||
| + | Beware of accidentally using the single equal sign (e.g.// if (x = 10)// ). The single equal sign is the assignment operator, and sets x to 10 (puts the value 10 into the variable x). Instead use the double equal sign (e.g.// if (x == 10) //), which is the comparison operator, and tests ''whether'' x is equal to 10 or not. The latter statement is only true if x equals 10, but the former statement will always be true. | ||
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| + | This is because C evaluates the statement // if (x=10) // as follows: 10 is assigned to x (remember that the single equal sign is the [[arduino:arithmetic operators:Assignment|assignment operator]]), so x now contains 10. Then the 'if' conditional evaluates 10, which always evaluates to TRUE, since any non-zero number evaluates to TRUE. Consequently, //if (x = 10)// will always evaluate to TRUE, which is not the desired result when using an 'if' statement. Additionally, the variable x will be set to 10, which is also not a desired action. | ||
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| + | **if** can also be part of a branching control structure using the [[arduino:control structures:If...else]]] construction. | ||
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| + | Source: arduino.cc | ||
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